Cultural landscape of Belarusia in 1900-1930s formation, reality, perspective

Abstract

The concept of "cultural landscape" in modern scientific works contains three definitions:

– first: in the traditions of Russian geographical science, it means a "good" anthropogenic landscape, modified by man according to a certain program and having high aesthetic and functional qualities;

– second: it characterizes it as an area that for a long historical period was the habitat of a certain group of people who were carriers of specific cultural values;

– in the third case, the cultural landscape is understood as a landscape, in the formation and development of which spiritual and intellectual values play an active role, stored and transmitted from generation to generation in the form of information, which are part of it and are affected by other, material components of the landscape.

The article discusses precisely the third aspect of the named spheres of human life on Earth in such a kind of small region as Belarus in the first decades of the last century AD.

The 20th century has become a century of wars and revolutions, a change in all areas of the life of human societies in different countries. This happened especially sharply and vividly in the Euro-Asian part of the Earth. It began in the Russian Empire, later it was continued in the USSR, as a result of which independent states were formed, among which Belarus acquired its independence. The First World War, the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia, the Civil War, which lasted until 1921, set the country the great task of surviving and creating a new state, which the Bolsheviks had been talking about since the end of the 19th century during the formation of the theory and ideas about socialism as a society of equality of all peoples and people. The events of the twentieth century left their mark on all aspects of human life in Russia, where the cultural landscape with some features of the different nationalities living on its territory was the same. But with the change in the situation, the gaining of freedom, every people in Russia acquired the opportunity to develop their national culture in all its areas: literature, theater, music, painting, the cinema art that appeared, etc. The unification of precisely these spheres of public life as the basis of the cultural landscape of the republic is proposed for reflection in this article.