History of the study of the Stone Age and the Bronze Age of the Aral Sea
Keywords:
Archeology, Aral Sea region, Ceramics, Stone tools, Monuments, Aral Sea region of karakumAbstract
The article considers the history of the study of the Northeastern Aral Sea from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age. Archaeological excavations at every stage have shown that the history of the Northeastern Aral Sea region is deep and dates back to the Paleolithic era. As a result of the geographical location of the region and the first study, the region belongs to the Neolithic and Bronze Age, but in recent years new materials have been obtained from this region. There were presented conclusions of scientists who studied this territory in connection with the discovered monuments. Subsequent research revealed new monuments in the Aral Sea region of Karakum, especially in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Taking into account the natural conditions of this region, it is possible to say about ancient monuments only on the basis of archaeological artifacts. In most of these sites, the cultural layer has not been preserved; artifacts from different eras and fragments of ceramics were found on the surface of the site. The scholars have divided the typology into periods, based on these archaeological finds.
References
Yanshin A.L. Geology of the Northern Aral Sea region M. Moscow Society of Nature Experts. 1953. 736 p. (in Russian).
Formozov A.A. About the discovery of Kelteminar culture in Kazakhstan. “Bulletin of KazFAN”, 1945, No. 2, Alma-Ata. (in Russian).
Formozov A.A.Celtiminar culture in Western Kazakhstan. CS IIMK. Issue XXI, 1950. P. 141-147. (in Russian).
Formozov A.A.New points of the Celtimanar culture in Kazakhstan. Bulletin of the Kazakhstan branch of the Academy of Sciences. USSR 1946. No. 5, P. 24-25. (in Russian).
Archaeological map of Kazakhstan. Register of Alma-Ata, Publishing house of the AS of KazSSr. 1960, 450 p. (in Russian).
Tolstov S.P. Ancient Khorezm: Experience of Historical and Archaeological Research. M.: Moscow State University, 1948. 440 p. (in Russian).
Tolstov S.P. Along the ancient deltas of the Oks and Yaksart. M., 1962. -328 p.
Tolstov S.P. In the footsteps of the ancient Khorezm civilizations M. 1948. M.-L.: publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1948. 328 p. (in Russian).
Vinogradov A.V. Archaeological exploration in the area of Aral-Saksaul in 1955. Proceedings of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Kaz SSR. V. 7. 1959. P. 76-81. (in Russian).
Vinogradov A.V. Ancient hunters and fishermen of the Central Asian interfluve. PKAEE. V. XIII. M., 1981. P. 90-94. (in Russian).
Adrianov B.V. Ancient irrigation systems of the Aral Sea region, 1969. (in Russian).
Glikman L.S., Melentev A.N.Bronze Age site near the village of Saksaul / KSIA Vol. 114 1968 P. 56-59. (in Russian).
Vinogradov A.V. Kuzymina E.E. Smirin V.M. New primitive monuments in the Northeastern Aral Sea region. Collection of the problem of archeology of Ural Siberia M. Science 1973, P. 85-103. (in Russian).
Artyukhova O.A. Paleolithic of the Aral Sea region. Izvestiya MES RK NAS RK. Social Science Series 2001. No.1. P.32-38. (in Russian).
Derevianko A.P., Taimagambetov Zh.K. and others. Paleolithic location of the northern coast of the Aral Sea. Problems of archeology, ethnography, anthropology of Siberia and the adjacent territories Novosibirsk. 1999 V.5.P.45-49. (in Russian).
Iskakov G.T. Stone industry of Mugodzhar and Northern Aral Sea region in the Mesolithic-Eneolithic. Abstract of dissertation. for the degree of Cand.history.Sciences: 07.00.06. А .: 2005 .- 30 p. (in Russian).
Chekha A.M. Paleolithic complexes of the Northern Aral Sea region with surface occurrence of artifacts (Aral-1, Aral-2) Bulletinof NSU SeriesHistory of philology 2012 volume 11 issue 5 P.74-80. (in Russian).
Chekha A.M., Kulik N.A. Stone raw materials of the Paleolithic localities of the Northern Aral Sea region (Based on the material from the Aral 1 point). Journal of Archeology and Anthropogia of Eurasia. 2014 p. 63-72. (in Russian).
Chekha A.M., Kulik N.A. Stone raw materials of the Paleolithic locations of the Northern Aral Sea region (Based on material from the Aral 1 point). Bulletin of Novosibirsk State University. Series: History of Philology. 2014.Vol. 13, no. 5: Archeology and Ethnography. P. 66–80. (in Russian).
Chekha A.M. Stone Age of the Northern Aral Sea region (based on the material from the Aral 4-6 locality). News of the Altai State University. 2015.P. 242-245. (in Russian).
Chekha A.M. Paleolithic locations with bifaces in the Northern Aral Sea region: Problems of chronology and periodization. Bulletin of TSU History 2016 №6 (44) P.114-119. (in Russian).
Chekha A.M. Paleolithic complexes of the Northern Aral Sea region Aral-1 and Aral-2 (Western Kazakhstan). International scientific conference “Continuity of archaeological monuments of the Turkestan region” dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnology at the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Khoja Ahmed Yassaui. - Turkestan. 2017 p. 9-13. (in Russian).
Mamirov T.B. Paleolithic of Aral-Caspian region Almaty: Kazak University, 2012. 253 p.
Nikolaus Boroffka, Hedi Oberhänsli, Philippe Sorrel, Francois Demory, Christian Reinhardt,Bernd Wünnemann,Kamildzhan Alimov, Sergey Baratov,Kamildzhan Rakhimov,Nasbirgen Saparov,Timur Shirinov,Sergey K. Krivonogov, and Ursula Röhl «Archaeology and Climate: Settlement and Lake-Level Changes at the Aral Sea» Geoarchaeology: an international journal, Vol. 21, No. 7 August 18, 2005.P. 721–734.
Baypakov K.M., Borofkko N., Savelyeva T.V., Akhatov G.A., Lobas D.A., Erzhanova A.A., Results of archaeological research under the projectINTAS “CLIMAN”. Izvestiya NAS RK. No. 1 Series Social Sciences 2004, p. 236-254. (in Russian).
Baypakov K.M., Kurmankulov Zh., Eleuov M. Collection of monuments of the history of culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kyzylorda Region. Almaty. Aruna, 2007.376 p. (in Russian).
Tazhekeyev A.A., Darmenov R.T. Yerimbet-zhaga is - site of the Bronze Age. Archeology and paleoanthropology of the Eurasian steppes and adjacent territories. M .: “TAUS” - 2010. P. 438-440. (in Russian).
Ongar A., Tazhekeev A.A., Shoraev B. Tapa is - a monument of the Bronze Age of the North-Eastern Aral Sea region. Proceedings of the branch of the Institute of Archeology. Named afterA.Kh. Margulan in Astana. A, 2013 . V. 2. P. 167-170. (in Russian).
Tazhekeyev A.A. Monuments of the Kelteminar culture of the Lower Syrdarya. History of country. No. 1 (57). 2012. P. 102-108. (in Russian).
Tazhekeev A.A., Kurmaniyazov I.S. New research of ancient monuments in the Eastern Aral Sea region 2019 №4 (88) P.178-190. (in Russian).
