Regional toponyms, ascending to dialect and all-russian words

Abstract

The article attempts to consider the problems of distinguishing the dialect proper and the national in the semantics of the regional topolexeme. The article proves their ability to preserve the original nominative meanings, which should be searched for in the history of the language, which gives grounds to distinguish all-Russian words in the Russian language as a specific category of words against the background of dialect words. It is established that all-Russian words covering toponyms occupy a peculiar place among common and dialect words and have their own characteristics. The following features were identified: genetic belonging to the layer of the native vocabulary; wide use in all varieties of the national language; the absence of social restrictions and territorial restrictions; functional stability over time; the ability to identify a toponym at all stages of its application. The choice of such a toponymic nomination is not accidental, it makes it possible to trace how a person is connected with the surrounding world, what is his psychology of perception of the reality in which he exists. At the same time, the most generalized models of reality, objects significant for life, its signs and properties are highlighted, which in general is a system of cognition and understanding of values that allow each person to be involved in historical cultural and reality.